兜底民生保障更有幸福味******
【新时代新征程新伟业】
光明日报记者 孟歆迪
“前段时间院里的老人们来这儿采摘棉花，大伙儿都可高兴了。”上海市第四社会福利院“记忆家园”认知症小单元照护区负责人凌莹告诉记者，为了满足老人户外活动需求，福利院专门开辟了一片“乐活农场”，老人家可以采摘、溜达、晒太阳。“新鲜的空气总会让人充满精气神。”
一走进“记忆家园”，就看到东玉线的公交车站牌、中山中路的指路牌、庙前街的路牌……时光仿佛回到20世纪的上海松江老街。
走上二楼，钢琴、沙发的配置，像是温馨的居家客厅。三楼以仿实景公园为主题，枝藤蔓延。考虑到认知症老人的生活能力和心理变化，“记忆家园”以延续老人愉悦生活能力为目标，通过支持性空间设计，重新唤起他们对过去的记忆和对生活的热情。
唐婆婆是2021年12月进入“记忆家园”的，刚开始她的情绪一直不稳定，有时会突然大叫，多数时候很消沉，对工作人员的服务比较抗拒。凌莹和同事想尽办法，从老人的家庭、经历、兴趣爱好着手。打开“一人一档”记录簿，唐婆婆的生活习惯详细记录在簿。凌莹时常蹲在唐婆婆面前，“婆婆，有什么需要跟我说”，“婆婆，现在我们要带您去做手工哦”。一年过去，唐婆婆虽然看不清凌莹的脸，却能认出姑娘标志性的齐刘海，握住她的手说，“你又来啦！”
在去往上海市民政第二精神卫生中心的路上，就听司机师傅说，那里可以看到附近游乐园燃放的烟花，有时候会在烟花绽放时关灯，让休养员们可以更好地观赏。记者追问，什么是休养员？师傅说，“休养员就是长期在这儿休养身心的精神障碍患者”。
在中心，生活着数百位慢性精神障碍患者，他们被称呼为“休养员”。“我们平等对待每一位休养员，尽最大努力帮助他们恢复健康，让他们享受更多美好和精彩！”中心副院长徐敏说，“我们希望休养员生活充实，更希望通过我们的努力，帮助他们实现自己的价值，体悟生命的意义。”
最近，中心还有一个新计划！“增进人民福祉，推进健康中国建设。党的二十大召开以来，我们又推出了‘幸福里心灵疗愈中心’，打算将休养员的住院空间建设成一个富有上海传统文化味道的社区，通过开放自主的环境体验，进行生活模拟，不仅帮助休养员们恢复社会功能，更尝试满足他们内心对于美好生活的期许。”徐敏表示，中心将在做好精神科传统诊疗服务的基础上，坚持“全人服务”理念，尊重人的价值，融入上海里弄文化元素，在实地场所开辟心灵疗愈、职业康复、生活模拟三大功能区九个功能板块，休养员可选择进入不同区域模拟社会生活，在轻松闲适的环境中，自主开展康复治疗。“我们不光传递关爱，更尊重每一个个体。”徐敏说。
上海市第四社会福利院和上海市民政第二精神卫生中心都在上海市社会福利中心代管的10家市属社会福利事业单位之中。上海市社会福利中心系统各单位肩负着服务4000多名孤残儿童、困境儿童、老年人、慢性精神障碍患者、优抚对象等特殊群体的重要职责。
“回看过去数十年，一切在快速发展变化当中，从保障吃饱穿暖，到改善院舍设施环境、提升生活质量、提供更多暖心举措……可以说是这个社会发展进步的缩影。党的二十大给了我们很大的鼓舞，下一步，我们将坚持以人为本，进一步提升服务品质，把服务对象的关键小事作为我们开展工作的重要大事，将探索打通困难堵点，加强人文关怀，创新实践发展。”上海市社会福利中心党委书记、副主任朱海燕说。
《光明日报》（ 2022年12月09日 07版）
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
